FORTRAN
Table of Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction
Unit 2: Program structure
Unit 3: Program Lab Exercises
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION
Fortran is
programming language use for numeric computation and scientific computing. Version
of Fortran: fortran 77, 90, 95. But in this tutorial will be coding in Fortran
95.
To run the
code, you can use any of the following tools:
Ideas of Fortran
Translator |
Compiler |
Computer IDE |
SilverFrost |
Mobile App |
DCoder |
Online fortran compiler |
www.onlinegdb.com |
Case sensitivity |
Case does not matter |
Code termination |
It does not terminate |
Display content on the screen |
print*, ‘dmactutor’ |
Accept input from the user in the console |
read*, age |
UNIT 2
PROGRAM STRUCTURE, COMMENT,
VARIABLE AND DATATYPE
2.1 Program Structure
Program structure gives the
overview of a program for a particular programming language, and also with
emphasis on the individual components of the program and the interrelationships
between these components.
program filename implicit none //statements to be executed end program filename |
2.2 Comment
Comment is used to add additional information to
a program by improving the readability of the program. It helps to indicate
what needs to be done either instantly or after. It helps to explain the
function of a particular line or lines of code.
2.2.1 Single line commenting
Fortran
!Fortran program to display your name |
2.3 Variable
Variable is used to store
values in a program. When you create variable, it resides in the memory of the
computer. Variable is a value that can change.
2.3.1 Rules
for naming identifier
- Give
meaning names (your identifier must tally with what your program is all about)
- Start
with letter (a-z, or A-Z), number (0-9) or underscore
- Identifier
cannot start with a number (0-9)
- Keywords
or reserved words cannot be used to create identifier
2.4 Datatype
A data type specifies which
type of value a variable has, what type of value can be stored in it
considering the type of mathematical, relational or logical operations that can
be applied to the variable without causing an error. Two categories of
datatypes are primitive and non-primitive. We will focus on primitive.
Fortran
Character (len = 200) – stores combination of letters, numbers and
special character character – stores single character like letter, number and special
character integer – stores whole number real – stores decimal numbers complex datatype logical–
stores true or false value (it serves as boolean type) program
lab logical
:: age age =
.True. print *,
age end
program lab OUTPUT T TIP: you
attach periods(.) to the beginning and end of the true or false keyword. |
2.5 Variable
declaration
Variable declaration is a
statement used to specify the variable name and its data type.
Fortran
Syntax datatype :: variableName //single variable character(len = 200) ::
firstname integer :: age //multiple variables character(len = 200) ::
firstname, surname integer :: age, level |
2.6 Variable
Initialization
Initializing a variable means
to specify an initial value to assign to it. A variable that is not initialized
is stored with a default value. integer is stores 0, real stores 0.0, character
stores ‘\u0000’, logical stores false. Two types of variable initialization are
explicit and implicit. Explicit initialization is when you assign a value in a
program in the source editor before compiling the program, while implicit
initialization is when you supply value after the program compiles.
Fortran
variableName = value firstname = ‘dmactutor’ age = 18 |
2.7 Variable
Declaration and Initialization
If you don’t want to first
declare a variable then initialize it, you can also make a 2-in-1 statement, by
declaring and initializing a variable at the same time.
Fortran
datatype :: variableName =
value character(len = 200) ::
firstname = ‘dmactutor’ integer :: age = 18 |
2.8 Constant
Variable Declaration and Initialization
If you don’t want a value to
change, you can declare it as constant, or if you want to use a value
repeatedly in program, for example pi = 3.14, the value is constant.
Fortran
Syntax datatype, parameter :: variableName = value real, parameter :: pi = 3.14 |
UNIT 3
CODE IMPLEMENTATION USING FORTRAN
95
3.1 PROGRAMS WITH LAB EXAMPLES
TIP: Don’t read alone, ensure you
type and run this program so as to enhance your programming skills
3.1.1 Lab 1 –
program to display name and age
Fortran
program lab1 print *, 'dmactutor' print*, 18 end program lab1 |
3.1.2 Lab 2 –
program to declare and initialize name and age
Fortran
program lab2 character(len = 200) :: fullname integer :: age !initialize variable fullname = 'dmactutor' age = 18 !display print *, fullname print*, age end program lab2 |
3.1.3 Lab 3 –
program to declare and accept input for variables name and age
Fortran
program lab3 !declare variable character(len = 200) :: fullname integer :: age !user action (what user should do) and accept input print *, 'Enter your full name' read*, fullname print *, 'Enter your age' read*, age !display print *, fullname print*, age !to make it descriptive print *,'Your name is:: ', fullname end program lab3 |
3.1.4 Lab 4 –
program to add two numbers (arithmetic operation)
Fortran
program lab4 !declare variable integer :: fnum, snum, result !user action (what user should do) and accept input print *, 'Enter first value' read*, fnum print *, 'Enter second value' read*, snum !processing result = fnum + snum !display print *,'The addition is:: ', result end program lab4 |
3.1.5 Lab 5 –
program to compute mathematical formulas getting decimals. Program for bmi
(body max index).
The appropriate datatype for fortran:
realand formatting it to two decimal places. Test it with integer for Fortran to
see what will happen.
Fortran
program lab5 !declare variable real :: weight, height, resultBmi !user action (what user should do) and accept input print *, 'Enter weight value in KG' read*, weight print *, 'Enter height value in meters from (0-2)' read*, height !processing resultBmi = weight / (height * height) !before formatting print *,'The BMI is:: ', resultBmi !after formatting print *,'The BMI is:: ' print '(f6.2)', resultBmi end program lab5 |
3.1.6 Lab 6 –
program to compute mathematical formulas using inbuilt function. Program for
Pythagoras theorem to find the hypothenus.
We will use sqrt() built-in
function. The sqrt() function returns the square root of its argument. Fortran allows ** as powr operator. For example, opp square (opp^2) in fortran you can use opp**2
Fortran
program lab6 !declare variable real :: opp, adj, hyp !user action (what user should do) and accept input print *, 'Enter opposite value' read*, opp print *, 'Enter adjacent value' read*, adj !processing hyp = sqrt((opp*opp) + (adj*adj)); !before formatting print *,'The hypothenuse result is:: ', hyp !after formatting print *,'The hypothenuse result is:: ' print '(f6.2)', hyp end program lab6 |
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